The author’s primary focus is on the mind and behavior of the intellectual and political leadership of the Muslim countries and as such is a valuable contribution towards understanding not only the predicament of this class of people but also the plight of the Ummah as such. Yet the story would remain incomplete as long as it is not supplemented by an exhaustive and in-depth study of the aspirations and longings of the Muslim people and how they have influenced the course of events, sometimes positively, as in the case of the creation of Pakistan, and sometimes by restraining the leadership from surrendering to the Western modes of life and behavior. A number of Western scholars, from H.A.R.
